WTO与政府执政理念
马怀德
中国加入WTO以后，面临最大挑战的将是政府。政府如何应对这些挑战，适应WTO规则的要求是当务之急。更为重要的是，我们可以以此为契机，重新思考政府的作用，从而实现政府的准确定位。从长远看，入世将对政府权力行使规则乃至国家与社会的关系都产生深刻的影响，政府的角色也会因此发生转变，所以，我们应对政府的执政理念有一个全新的思考。
由全能政府走向有限政府
在计划经济体制下，政府的作用是全方位的，不仅要发挥传统的维护公共秩序和社会利益的守夜警察的作用，而且要发挥分配资源、安排生产、照顾社会的家长作用。普通百姓也认定政府是他们衣食住行的唯一依靠。于是，政府的职能日渐增加，机构不断膨胀，地位日趋显赫，行使权力也自然没有什么界限可言。而事实上，这是传统计划经济造就的一个神话，也是人治社会的一个显著标志。政府不可能是万能的，也不应该要求它万能；否则，就会为此付出沉重的代价。实际上我们已经付出了沉重代价。随着中国加入WTO，这种全能政府的执政理念必将发生革命性的转变。如果说，改革开放的20年消除了普通百姓头脑中什么事都依靠政府的传统观念的话，那么，这次入世将会从根本上改变政府机关及其工作人员权力无边的状态，为实现有限政府的合理目标扫清障碍。
由神秘政府走向透明政府
距离可以产生美，神秘可以产生权威。传统体制下的政府就是在这种神秘的氛围中保持权威的。政府的许多活动都处于不公开状态，从政府的机构设置、人员安排、职责权限，到权力的运行规则和方式，乃至工作程序都很难为“外人”所知。事关百姓切身利益的各种政策和决定就是在这样的习惯性思维中出台和实施的。必须看到，虽然神秘产生了所谓的权威，但同时，也产生了距离和隔膜，特别是由于“暗箱操作”带来的腐败问题暴露了神秘政府的最大弊端。近年来，人们对于公开的要求日益强烈，各类所谓的公开也蔚然成风，但在没有制度保障的前提下，这些公开显得虚泛和乏力。人们对“公开”变“空开”的担心不是没有一点道理。随着中国入世，公开问题已经由道德自律转变为法律强制了。因为政府承诺的及时通知义务、及时公布法律法规和其他具有普遍约束力的司法行政决定义务、设立咨询点义务等，无一不是强制性的法律要求，不容回避。很显然，透明政府是治愈政府腐败痼疾的一副良药。至于在透明政府下是否会丧失政府权威的问题，在我看来，丧失的不是权威，而是特权，这也正是人们希望的。
由“任性”政府走向守信政府
“任性”政府的行为缺乏稳定性和可预期性。在很多政府机关和工作人员看来，政府权力是可以随意行使不受约束的。郑重的承诺瞬间可以改变，严肃的法律可以化为笑谈，今天我可以批准你办公司，明天又可以说政府批错了。这与WTO规则要求的政策和贸易措施的透明、可预见性和法的安定性是完全不符的。因为加入WTO以后，中国政府承诺，在法律适用和实施方面将采用统一、公正和合理的方式。《关贸总协定》规定：“每一个缔约方应当以统一、公正和合理的方式实施所有的法律、法规、有普遍约束力的（司法）判决和（行政）裁定。”《服务贸易总协定》和货物贸易的若干专门协定中也有相同或者类似的规定。也就是说，政府在实施法律方面必须信守诺言，如果不能做到统一、公正、合理，那么，不仅会降低政府的公信力，还将背离政府管理目标，影响行政效率，损害政府的权威和形象。它所带来的损失不仅是短期内的经济损失，更是长远的信誉损失。所以，加入WTO以后，我们首先应当解决政府的守信问题。当然，政府是否守信，不单是政府官员的个人素质和品行问题，更是政府机关行使权力的观念和责任问题。只有当每一个政府官员都能对政府权力的来源和行使规则有一个正确深刻的了解，认识到政府的每项权力都来自人民的赋予，必须在合法的范围以合理的方式行使权力，错误行使权力必须承担责任的前提下，才有可能树立起政府守信的观念。
由权力政府走向责任政府
政府行使权力本来无可厚非，但如果把行使权力当作政府唯一的存在方式，甚至忘却了政府应当承担的责任，那就大错特错了。遗憾的是，长期以来，我们的政府机关及其工作人员始终认为政府就是用来行使权力，管理社会，约束相对人行为的。谈到权力，大家你争我夺，实践中不断出现抢夺处罚权、强制权、发证权、收费权的立法纷争和执法冲突，也产生了层层审批、处处盖章、公文旅行、漠视相对人权利的各式官僚主义。谈到责任，个个退避三舍，想方设法为自己留出不受监督的领地，形成了很多法院不能审查的权利救济真空。权力政府在权力膨胀的同时不仅造就了官僚主义，也为腐败的滋生提供了肥沃的土壤。更为可怕的是，它颠倒了民众和政府的主仆关系，消解了政府的责任，从而使擅断的权力更加恣意。事实上，承担责任是政府的第一要义，它不仅意味着政府行使的每一项权力背后都连带着一份责任，拒绝应该行使的权力也是一种失职，还意味着违法行使权力必须承担法律责任。WTO规则中有一项重要的原则就是保障司法审查原则，也就是说，在相关的贸易领域，任何影响利害关系人权益的政府行为都必须接受法院的司法审查，政府必须为自己的违法行为承担法律责任。
由利益政府走向中立政府
过去我们的政府往往与企业或者经济集团的直接经济利益联系在一起，当政府负担起大多数企业的盈亏盛衰责任时，正义的天平难免会发生倾斜。尤其当政府官员的升迁奖惩与部门或者地方经济利益、企业效益挂钩时，更难保持政府的中立与公平。一个陷入利益瓜葛的政府不可能是公平的政府，也就难以发挥政府的规制协调和裁决功能。从以往的教训不难看出，政府开办的企业、市场有时会成为政府机关攫取私利的手段，有时也会让政府背上沉重的经济包袱，不仅破坏了公平和谐的市场竞争秩序，也损害了政府的威信和地位。加入WTO以后，非歧视和国民待遇原则不仅要求政府在各个贸易成员国之间保持公平和中立，而且也意味着对所有的市场主体都一视同仁。可见，从利益政府走向中立政府已经是大势所趋。
（作者系中国政法大学教授、博士导师）
国家税务总局关于退还外商投资企业改征增值税、消费税后多缴税款若干具体问题的通知(附英文)
国家税务总局
国家税务总局关于退还外商投资企业改征增值税、消费税后多缴税款若干具体问题的通知(附英文)
国税发[1994]115号
各省、自治区、直辖市税务局，各计划单列市税务局，海洋石油税务管理局各分局：
根据《国务院关于外商投资企业和外国企业适用增值税、消费税、营业税等税收暂行条例有关问题的通知》的精神，现对外商投资企业改征增值税、消费税后多缴纳税款的退还问题具体明确如下：
一、外商投资企业由于改征增值税、消费税而多缴纳的税款，是指外商投资企业销售货物、提供加工或修理修配劳务，生产、委托加工应税消费品，依照《中华人民共和国增值税暂行条例》和《中华人民共和国消费税暂行条例》及其有关规定计算实际缴纳的税款，超出依照原《中华人
民共和国工商统一税条例（草案）》和国家税务局《关于对小轿车征收特别消费税有关问题的规定》及有关规定计算的应缴纳税款的部分。计算公式为：
当期多缴纳税款＝当期实际缴纳的增值税税款＋当期实际缴纳的消费税税款—工商统一税税款—特别消费税税款
工商统一税税款是指以外商投资企业当年销售额和销项税额合计数为计税依据，按照国家税务总局涉外税务管理司国税外函［1994］009号《关于贯彻国税函发［1993］152号文件有关问题的通知》所附的工商统一税税目税率表计算出的税款（包括地方附加）。从事批发
、零售业务的外商投资企业，其业务收入一律按3％的税率计算工商统一税税款。
特别消费税税款是指按照当年应税产品数量和国家税务局（89）国税流字第112号《关于对小轿车征收特别消费税有关问题的规定》所列税目、税额和计算方法计算出的税款。
二、外商投资企业既缴纳增值税，又缴纳消费税的，其多缴纳的税款，按照当期实际缴纳的增值税税款或消费税税款占当期实际缴纳的增值税，消费税税款总额的比例，分别计算退还增值税和消费税。计算公式为：
应退增值税税款＝当期多缴纳税款
当期实际缴纳的增值税税款
× －－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
当期实际缴纳增值税和消费税税款总额
应退消费税税款＝当期多缴纳税款
当期实际缴纳的消费税税款
× －－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
当期实际缴纳增值税和消费税税款总额
三、《国务院关于外商投资企业和外国企业适用增值税、消费税、营业税等税收暂行条例有关问题的通知》中所说的“1993年12月31日前已批准设立的外商投资企业”是指1993年12月31日前已办理工商登记的外商投资企业；“批准的经营期限”是指工商行政管理部门
批准的经营期限，不包括1994年1月1日以后办理的延长期；“5年”是指从1994年1月1日起至1998年12月31日止。＃13四、外商投资企业进口货物所缴纳的增值税、消费税税款超出按照原工商统一税条例的有关规定计算的进口环节应缴纳税款的部分，原则上不予退
还。但是，对于个别的外商投资企业，为生产国内急需或国家鼓励发展的产品，进口生产所需国内市场不能保证供应的原材料、零部件所多缴纳的税款，经国家税务总局批准，可作个案处理。
进口环节工商统一税的计算公式为：
进口环节工商统一税税款＝
关税完税价格＋关税
－－－－－－－－－－－×工商统一税税率
1－工商统一税税率
五、外商投资企业生产的货物，销售给出口企业出口的，不予退还因税负增加而多缴纳的税款。
六、外商投资企业应于年度终了后30日内向主管涉外税务机关报送书面申请报告，填写《增值税、消费税税负增加退税申请表》（式样附后），同时附送增值税、消费税完税证复印件，经主管涉外税务机关审核，并报授权税务机关批准后，办理退还税款手续。
七、外商投资企业的年退税额在100万元人民币（含100万元）以上的，由国家税务总局审批；年退税额在100万元人民币以下的，由国家税务总局所属省级分局和计划单列市分局审批。
各省级分局、计划单列市分局，应于年度终了后60天内，将上年度退税情况汇总上报国家税务总局。
八、多缴纳税款的退还，原则上在年终后一次办理。年度退税额较大的，经省级分局、计划单列市分局批准，可按季预退税款，年终清算。个别企业因资金周转确有困难，经国家税务总局批准，可按月预退税款，年终清算。
九、外商投资企业应据实申报退税额，凡发现有申报不实或采取不正当的手段造成多退税的，按《中华人民共和国税收征收管理法》的有关规定处理。
附：
一、增值税、消费税税负增加退税申请表
二、关于小轿车征收特别消费税有关问题的规定
增值税、消费税税负增加退税申请表
（ 年度）
纳税人登记号：
纳税人名称： 经济性质：
营业地址： 电 话： 金额单位：万元
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｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜工商统一税｜ ｜
｜ 主要货物或 ｜销售额｜增 值 税｜消 费 税｜－－－－－｜ 应 退 税 款 ｜
｜应税劳务名称｜ ｜实纳税款｜实纳税款｜税率｜税款｜ ｜
｜－－－－－－｜－－－｜－－－－｜－－－－｜－－｜－－｜－－－－－－－｜
｜ 1 ｜ 2 ｜ 3 ｜ 4 ｜5 ｜6 ｜7＝3＋4－6｜
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｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜
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｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜
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｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜
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｜ 合 计 ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜
｜－－－－－－｜－－－－－－－－－－－－－｜－－｜－－－－－－－－－－｜
｜主管涉外税务｜ ｜备 ｜ ｜
｜机关审核意见｜ ｜注 ｜ ｜
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企业负责人： 财务负责人： 年 月 日填
说明：（1）此表随书面申请报告一并逐级上报。
（2）生产小轿车的外商投资企业，应在此表“工商统一税”一栏后，加“特别消费税”栏，内容包括“税目，”“税款”。
附件：关于对小轿车征收特别消费税有关问题的规定
各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，国务院各部委，各直属机构：
根据国务院关于加强小轿车销售管理和征收特别消费税的决定，经财政部审查同意，并报经国务院批准，现将对小轿车征收特别消费税的有关事项通知如下：
一、在中华人民共和国境内从事生产和进口小轿车的单位和个人，为特别消费税的纳税义务人（以下简称纳税人），必须依照本规定缴纳特别消费税。
二、小轿车特别消费税税目和税额：
（一）小轿车
1、进口整车，其中：苏联、东欧地区进口的伏尔加每辆一万五千元，拉达每辆一万元，菲亚特126Ｐ每辆五千元，其他车每辆七千元；苏联、东欧以外地区进口车每辆四万元。
2、进口散件组装车，其中：天津夏利每辆一万元；其他车每辆二万元。
3、国产车每辆一万元。
（二）吉普车（包括变型车）
1、进口整车，其中：苏联、东欧地区进口的拉达2121、阿罗244每辆五千元；其他进口车每辆三万五千元。
2、进口散件组装车每辆一万五千元。
3、国产车每辆五千元。
（三）面包车（包括工具车）
1、进口整车每辆三万元。
2、进口散件组装车每辆一万元。
3、国产车每辆五千元（今年暂缓征收）。
税目和税额的调整，由国务院确定。
三、特别消费税应纳税额的计算公式：
应纳税额＝单位税额×应税产品数量
四、小轿车特别消费税的纳税环节：
境内生产的应税小轿车，由生产者于销售时纳税；生产企业受托加工的，由受托者于交付货物时纳税；生产企业自产自用的，由生产者于交付使用时纳税。
进口的应税小轿车，由进口报关者于进口报关时纳税。
五、纳税人生产销售的小轿车的特别消费税，由纳税人在销售价格之外向购货方收取；纳税人受托加工的小轿车的特别消费税，由纳税人在加工费之外向委托方收取。纳税所收取的小轿车特别消费税应在发票上如实注明，并向税务机关缴纳。
纳税人自产自用的小轿车的特别消费税，由纳税人向税务机关缴纳。
纳税人进口小轿车的特别消费税，由纳税人向代征机关缴纳。缴纳的特别消费税应在销售进口小轿车的价格之外向购货方收取，并在发票上如实注明。
六、小轿车特别消费税的减免：
（一）、出口的应税小轿车免征特别消费税。免税实行“先征后退”的原则，由出口者在报关出口后，退还已征的税款。有关退税手续，比照出口产品退产品税（增值税）的规定办理。
（二）、享有外交特权和豁免的外交代表机构和外交人员，免征小轿车特别消费税。
（三）、国家税务局确定的其他免税。
除上述规定者外，小轿车特别消费税一律不得减税、免税。
七、小轿车特别消费税由税务机关征收，有关征收管理事项，依照《中华人民共和国税收征收管理暂行条例》的规定办理。
进口小轿车的特别消费税由海关代征。
八、征收的小轿车特别消费税上交中央财政。
九、本规定自一九八九年二月一日起施行。其他文件与此有抵触的，按本规定执行。
CIRCULAR ON SOME CONCRETE QUESTIONS CONCERNING REFUNDING THE EXTRATAX PAYMENTS RESULTING FROM THE SWITCH-OVER TO THE LEVY OF VALUE-ADDED TAXAND CONSUMPTION TAX ON ENTERPRISE WITH FOREIGN INVESTMENT
(State Administration of Taxation: 21 April 1994 Coded Guo Shui Fa[1994] No. 115)
Whole Doc.
To the tax bureau of various provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities, the tax bureaus of various cities with independent
planning and various sub-bureaus of the Offshore Oil Tax Administration:
In the spirit of the State Council Circular On Questions Related to
the Provisional Regulations Concerning the Levy of Applicable Value-Added
Tax, Consumption Tax and Business Tax on Foreign-Funded Enterprises and
Foreign Enterprises, questions concerning refunding the extra tax paid by
foreign-funded enterprises after the change-over to the levy of
value-added tax and consumption tax are hereby clarified in detail as
follows;
I. The extra tax paid by foreign-funded enterprises due to
change-over to the levy of value-added tax and consumption tax refers to
the actual tax payment calculated in accordance with the Provisional
Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Value- Added Tax, the
Provisional Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Consumption
Tax and related stipulations for the goods sold, product processing and
labor services provided such as repair, production, and processing taxable
consumer goods on a commission basis by foreign-funded enterprises, that
surpasses the part of payable tax calculated in accordance with the
original Regulations of the People's Republic of China On Consolidated
Industrial and Commercial Tax (Draft), Regulations On Questions Concerning
the Levy of Special Consumption Tax on Sedan Cars issued by the State
Administration of Taxation as well as related stipulations, The
calculation formula is given as follows:
Current extra tax payment
= current actual payment of value - added tax +
current actual payment of consumption tax -
consolidated industrial and commercial tax payment -
special consumer tax payment
The consolidated industrial and commercial tax payment refers to the
tax payment (including local surcharge) worked out in accordance with the
table of tax items and tax rates of consolidated industrial and commercial
tax attached to the Circular On Questions Concerning Implementing the
Document Coded Guo Shui Han Fa [1993] No. 152, a document of the Foreign
Tax Management Department of the State Administration of Taxation coded
Coded Guo Shui Wai Han [1994] No. 009, which is calculated on the basis of
the combined total of the sales volume of the current year and tax on the
sale item. For foreign-funded enterprises engaged in wholesale and retail
sale business, consolidated industrial and commercial tax payment on their
business income is all calculated at a 3 percent rate.
The special consumption tax payment refers to the tax payment worked
out in accordance with the quantity of current taxable products and the
tax items, tax value and calculation methods as listed in the Regulations
on Questions Concerning the Levy of Special Consumption Tax on Sedan Cars,
a document of the State Administration of Taxation, coded (89) Guo Shui
Liu Zi No. 112.
II. For the overly paid tax by the foreign-funded enterprise which
pays both value-added tax and consumption tax, the tax reimbursement for
the value-added tax and consumption tax shall be calculated in accordance
with the proportion of the current value- added tax and consumption tax
actually paid in the total value of the current value-added tax and
consumption actually paid. The calculation formula is given as follows:
Refundable VAT = Current extra tax payment X
Current actual VAT payment
-----------------------------------------------------------
Total value of current actual VAT & consumption tax payment
Refundable consumption tax = current extra tax payment X
current actual payment of consumption tax
-----------------------------------------------------------
Total value of current actual VAT & consumption tax payment
III. "The foreign-funded enterprises approved to be established
before December 31, 1993" as mentioned in the Circular On Questions
Involved in the Provisional Regulations of the State Council Concerning
the Levy of Applicable Value-Added Tax, Consumption Tax and Business Tax
on Foreign-Funded Enterprises and Foreign Enterprises refer to
foreign-funded enterprises which had performed industrial and commercial
registration procedures before December 31, 1993: "The approved
operational period" refers to the operational period approved by the
industrial and commercial administrative department, excluding the period
extended after January 1, 1994; "The five years" refers to the period from
January 1, 1994; "The five years" refers to the period from January 1,
1994 to December 31, 1998.
IV. That part of value-added tax and consumption tax paid for the
imported goods of foreign-funded enterprises that exceed the payable tax
for imports calculated in accordance with relevant stipulations of the
original Regulations Concerning Consolidated Industrial and Commercial Tax
shall not be refunded in principle. However, for the extra tax paid by
individual foreign-funded enterprises for the raw and semi-finished
materials and spare parts and components needed in production but the
supply of which cannot be guaranteed on the domestic market and imported
for the production of products which are urgently needed at home or the
development of which is encouraged by the state, may be dealt with as an
individual case with approval from the State Administration of Taxation.
The formula for calculating consolidated industrial and commercial tax on
imports is given as follows:
Consolidated industrial & commercial tax on imports =
Duty - paid value + tariff
-------------------------------- x
industrial & commercial tax rate
Consolidated industrial & commercial tax rate
V. For the goods produced by foreign-funded enterprise and sold to an
export-oriented enterprise for export, the extra tax payment resulting
from increased tax burden shall not be refunded.
VI. A foreign-funded enterprise shall, within 30 days after the end
of the Year, send a written application report to the competent
foreign-related tax authorities, fill in the Application Form for Tax
Reimbursement Due to Increased VAT and Consumption Tax Burden (attached at
the back), at the same time it shall send a copy of the VAT and
consumption tax paid certificate, after the application has been examined
and verified by the competent foreign-related tax authorities and approved
by the authorized tax authorities, the enterprise shall perform the
procedures for tax reimbursement.
VII. The annual tax reimbursement amount of a foreign-funded
enterprise that exceeds 1 million Yuan (including 1 million Yuan) shall be
examined and approved by the State Administration of Taxation; an annual
tax reimbursement amount that is below 1 million Yuan shall be examined
and approved by the provincial-level sub-bureau and sub-bureau of cities
with independent planning under the State Administration of Taxation.
The various provincial sub-bureaus and sub-bureaus of cities with
independent planning shall, within 60 days after the end of the year,
submit a report on the information about tax reimbursement of the previous
year to the State Administration of Taxation.
VIII. The refunding of extra tax payment shall be handled lump sum in
principle after the end of the year. If the annual tax reimbursement
amount is large, it may be refunded on a quarterly basis and settlement
made at year-end with approval from the provincial-level sub-bureau or
sub-bureau of cities with independent planning. For individual enterprises
which really have difficulty in turnover of funds, with approval from the
State Administration of Taxation, tax can be refunded in advance on a
monthly basis and settlement be made at year end.
IX. A foreign-funded enterprise shall accurately declare the amount
of tax reimbursement, if more tax payment than required resulting from
inaccurate report or the adoption of illegitimate means is discovered, the
matter shall be handled in accordance with the related stipulations of the
Measures of the People's Republic of China for the Collection and
Management of Tax.
Appendices: I. The Application Form of Tax Reimbursement Due to
Increased Value-Added Tax and Consumption Tax Burden
II. Stipulations On Questions Concerning the Levy of Special
Consumption Tax on Sedan Cars Law-5
Appendix I:
Application Form of Tax Reimbursement Due to Increased
Value-Added Tax and Consumption Tax Burdens
(Year)
Registration Number of Tax Payer:
Name of Tax Payer: Economic Nature:
Business Address: Tel: Unit of Money: 10000 Yuan
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of Sale Actual Actual Consolidated Refund-able
major volume VAT consumption industrial & tax amount
goods or tax tax commercial
taxable payment payment tax
labor ----------
service Tax Tax
rate payment
-------------------------------------------------------------------
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 = 3 + 4 - 6
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Total
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Opinions based on examination & verification
by competent foreign-related Remarks
tax authorities
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Responsible leader Responsible leader Filled on xx day,
of enterprise: of finance: month year
Notes:
I. This written application report shall be submitted to each upper
level
II. Foreign-funded enterprises engaged in the production of sedan
cars shall add a "Special Consumption Tax" Column after the "Consolidated
Industrial & Commercial Tax" Column of this application form, its contents
include "tax items" and "tax payment."
Appendix II:
Regulations On Questions Concerning the Levy of Special Consumption
Tax on Sedan Cars
April 1, 1989 Coded (89) Guo Shui Liu Zi No. 112
To the people's government of various provinces, autonomous regions
and municipalities, to various ministries and commissions and affiliated
institutions directly under the State Council:
In accordance with the State Council decision on strengthening the
management of sales of sedan cars and the levy of special consumption tax,
and having been examined and agreed by the Ministry of Finance and
reported to the State Council for approval, the Circular concerning the
levy of special consumption tax on sedan cars is hereby issued as follows:
I. A unit and individual who engage in the production and import of
sedan cars within the territory of the People's Republic of China are the
tax payers of special consumption tax (hereinafter referred to as tax
payers) who shall pay special consumption tax in accordance with these
Regulations.
II. Items and amounts of special consumption tax on sedan cars:
(1) Sedan cars
1. Imported whole cars, of which Volga imported from the
former Soviet Union and East European Region is taxed 15000 yuan
each, Lada 10000 yuan each, Fiat 126P 5000 yuan each, other cars 7000 yuan
each; cars imported from regions outside the former Soviet Union and
Eastern Europe are taxed 40000 yuan each.
2. Cars assembled with imported parts, of which: Charad of Tianjin is
taxed 10000 yuan each; other cars 20000 yuan each.
3. Domestically produced cars are taxed 10000 yuan each.
(2) Jeeps (including trans-shaped cars)
1. Imported whole cars, of which the Lada 2121, Aro 244
imported from the former Soviet Union and the region of Eastern
Europe are taxed 5000 yuan each, other imported cars 35000 yuan each.
2. Cars assembled with imported parts are taxed 15000 yuan each.
3. China-made cars 5000 yuan each
(3) Coaches (including tool cars)
1. Imported whole cars are taxed 30000 yuan each.
2. Cars assembled with imported parts are taxed 10000 yuan each.
3. China-made cars are taxed 5000 yuan each (the levy of tax is
postponed for the time being this year)
Readjustment of tax items and tax amount is determined by the State
Council.
III. The formula for the calculation of the payable amount of special
consumption tax:
Payable tax amount = unit tax amount x the amount of taxable products
IV. Tax-paying link of special consumption tax on sedan cars: For
taxable sedan cars produced within China, tax is paid by the producer at
the time of selling; for cars processed on a commission basis by the
productive enterprise, tax is paid by the assignee at the time of
delivery; for cars produced by the productive enterprise for its own use,
tax shall be paid by the producer at the time of commissioning of the car.
For imported taxable sedan cars, tax shall be paid by the import
declarant at the time of customs entry.
V. The special consumption tax on the sedan cars produced and sold by
the tax payer shall be collected by the tax payer from the purchaser, with
the selling price excluded; the special consumption tax on the sedan cars
processed by the tax payer on a commission basis shall be collected by the
tax payer from the consignor, with the processing charges excluded. The
tax payer shall accurately indicate on the invoice the special consumption
tax he collects on sedan cars and pay it to the tax authorities.
The special consumption tax on the sedan cars produced by the tax
payer for his own use shall be paid by the tax payer to the tax
authorities.
The special consumption tax on the sedan cars imported by the tax
payer shall be paid by the tax payer to the tax-levying agency. The
special consumption tax thus paid shall be collected from the purchaser,
with the sedan car import price excluded, and shall be accurately
indicated in the invoice.
VI. Reduction and exemption of special consumption tax on sedan cars:
(1) Taxable sedan cars for export are exempt from special consumption
tax. The principle of "levying first and refunding later" is introduced
for tax exemption. The tax already levied shall be refunded after the
exporter has declared export. Related procedures for tax reimbursement
shall be performed in light of the stipulations concerning the refunding
of product tax (value-added tax) for the export products.
(2) Diplomatic agencies and diplomats who enjoy diplomatic privileges
and diplomatic immunities are exempt from especial consumption tax on
sedan cars.
(3) Other tax-free items determined by the State Administration of
Taxation.
Except for the above-mentioned stipulations, special consumption tax
on sedan cars shall, without exception, not be reduced and exempted.
VII. The special consumption tax on sedan cars shall be collected by
tax authorities, related matters concerning the collection and management
shall be handled in accordance with the Provisional Regulations of the
People's Republic of China Concerning the Collection and Management of
Tax.
The special consumption tax on imported sedan cars shall be collected
by the customs on a commission basis.
VIII. The special consumption tax levied on sedan cars shall be
turned over to the central financial department.
IX. These Regulations goes into effect on February 1, 1989, if other
documents contradict these Regulations, these Regulations shall be acted
upon.
1994年4月21日
